Drinking water treatment using a submerged internal-circulation membrane coagulation reactor coupled with permanganate oxidation |
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Authors: | Zhongguo Zhang Dan Liu Yu Qian Yue Wu Peiran He Shuang Liang Xiaozheng Fu Jiding Li Changqing Ye |
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Institution: | 1 Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China;2 The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3 School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China |
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Abstract: | A submerged internal circulating membrane coagulation reactor (MCR) was used to treat surface water to produce drinking water. Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was used as coagulant, and a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration membrane was employed. The influences of trans-membrane pressure (TMP), zeta potential (ZP) of the suspended particles in raw water, and KMnO4 dosing on water flux and the removal of turbidity and organic matter were systematically investigated. Continuous bench-scale experiments showed that the permeate quality of the MCR satisfied the requirement for a centralized water supply, according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB 5749-2006), as evaluated by turbidity (< 1 NTU) and total organic carbon (TOC) (< 5 mg/L) measurements. Besides water flux, the removal of turbidity, TOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the raw water also increased with increasing TMP in the range of 0.01–0.05 MPa. High ZP induced by PACl, such as 5–9 mV, led to an increase in the number of fine and total particles in the MCR, and consequently caused serious membrane fouling and high permeate turbidity. However, the removal of TOC and DOC increased with increasing ZP. A slightly positive ZP, such as 1–2 mV, corresponding to charge neutralization coagulation, was favorable for membrane fouling control. Moreover, dosing with KMnO4 could further improve the removal of turbidity and DOC, thereby mitigating membrane fouling. The results are helpful for the application of the MCR in producing drinking water and also beneficial to the research and application of other coagulation and membrane separation hybrid processes. |
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Keywords: | Membrane coagulation reactor (MCR) Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) Hybrid membrane process Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) Drinking water |
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