祁连山高山草甸土壤CO2通量的时空变化及其影响分析

采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测量系统连接Li-6400-09土壤呼吸室,在2004年生长季节对祁连山高山草甸土壤CO₂通量沿海拔梯度进行了野外定位试验,统计分析了水热因子及根系生物量对高山草甸土壤CO₂通量特征的可能影响.结果表明,土壤CO₂通量存在明显的空间变化规律, 沿海拔梯度土壤CO₂通量随着海拔梯度的增加而逐渐减小,其变异系数逐渐增加;就日变化而言,土壤CO₂通量晚间维持在较低水平,02：00～06：00最低,在07：00～08：30开始升高,11：00～16：00达到峰值,16：00～18：30开始下降,整个过程呈单峰曲线.土壤CO₂通量的日平均值介于(0.56±0.32) ～ (2.53±0.76) μmol·(m²·s)^-1.从季节变化来看,土壤CO₂通量均以夏秋季较高,春冬季排放量较低,7～8月份达到最大值［4.736 μmol·(m²·s)^-1］,6月与9月份次之,5月与10月份基本一致,整个生长过程总的变化趋势呈单峰曲线形式.高山草甸土壤CO₂通量在植物生长季与10 cm土壤温度、土壤含水量、根系生物量都存在不同程度的正相关关系,表明高山草甸土壤CO₂通量的空间变异主要受温度、水分和植物根系的综合影响.

Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Changes in Soil CO2 Efflux and Its Related Factors from Alpine Meadow in Qilian Mountains

Continuous field experiment was carried out on alpine meadow along different elevation gradient in Qilian Mountains during the growing season of 2004 using a soil respiration chamber (Li-6400-09) connected to a portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400). The possible effect of water-heat factors and root parameter on characteristics of alpine meadow soil respiration was statistically analyzed. The results indicate that soil CO2 efflux has apparent spatial variation laws. Spatial variation patterns of soil respiration from different alpine meadow along elevation gradient are gradually decreased and its coefficient of variation increases gently. The curves of day change of soil CO2 efflux have a simple peak value, and it is low at night, with lowest at 02:00-06:00, and starts to rise rapidly during 07:00-08:30, and then descends during 16:00 -18:30. The peak CO2 efflux appears during 11:00-16:00. The diurnal average of soil CO2 efflux is between (0.56 +/- 0.32) - (2.53 +/- 0.76) micromol x (m2 x s)(-1). As for seasonal variation, soil CO2 fluxes of various are relatively high in summer and autumn but relatively low in spring and winter. The maximum of average soil CO2 efflux occurrs in July and August [4.736 micromol (m2 x s)(-1), and the second is in June and September, and the third is in May and October. Soil CO2 efflux of alpine meadow during growth season is positively correlated with soil temperature, root biomass and soil water content at depths of 10 cm to different degrees. These results indicate that the temperature, soil moisture and root biomass have great effects on the spatial variation of soil CO2 efflux in the area.