国外水电环境认证制度对我国的借鉴意义

水电工程建设和运行对生态环境系统的影响是世界范围内十分关注的问题，中国水电事业的发展也开始进入生态制约阶段。建立水电工程的生态环境保护标准，推行生态环境认证制度，是降低水电工程不利生态影响的重要措施之一，国际上在这方面已经进行的实践对我国具有重要的借鉴意义。概要介绍了瑞士“绿色水电认证”和美国“低影响水电认证”的主要内容、技术标准和运行机制，并且对两者进行了比较和分析。在此基础上，分析了我国建立水电环境认证程序和推行水电生态环境保护标准的必要性及可行性，并且讨论了推行水电环境认证中可能存在的问题。

IMPLICATION OF FOREIGN ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR HYDROPOWER TO CHINA

Development and operation of hydropower projects has been a serious problem causing worldwide concern because of their impact on ecological and environmental system.China has entered into an ecological-constraint-stage.Successful practice in some developed countries by means of establishing ecological and environmental protection standards and promoting corresponding ecological and environmental certification may have some reference significance for hydropower projects in China.In this article,the authors briefly introduced the main concepts,technical standards and operational mechanism of "Green Hydropower" in Switzerland and "Low Impact Hydropower" in USA,with a comparative analysis of the two.Based on the analysis,the authors analysed their necessity and feasibility in China in order to establish the environmental standards and certification procedures in the country.The authors further discussed the potential problems which may exist in the process of promoting hydropower environmental certification in China.