深层灰岩裂隙含水层的微生物种群特征及多样性分析

淄博深层灰岩裂隙含水层遭受石油污染已有30年,含水层中微生物降解对污染物的去除起到重要的作用,目前有关深层灰岩裂隙含水层中微生物群落结构和多样性的相关研究较少。本文采用高通量测序技术对研究区灰岩岩溶裂隙介质表面及地下水中的微生物种群结构进行了研究,对石油降解菌的种群特征及多样性进行了探讨,并利用RDA对典型石油降解菌与理化因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,含水层中的菌群主要属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota),且地下水比灰岩岩溶裂隙介质表面呈现出更高的生物多样性;含水层中石油降解细菌主要属于脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、假黄色单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)等,石油降解真菌主要来自煤炱目(Capnodiales)、座囊菌目(Dothideales)、银耳目(Tremellales)中的菌种;地下水中的石油降解细菌、真菌与总石油烃(TPH)、全磷(TP)和全氮(TN)的相关性比灰岩岩溶裂隙介质更高。

Characteristics and Diversity Analysis of Microbial Population in the Deep Limestone Fissure Aquifer

The deep limestone fissure aquifer in the Zibo city had been exposed to oil pollutions for 30 years, and the microbial degradation may have played an important role in the pollutant removal in the aquifer, however, very few studies on structure and diversity of the microbial community in the deep limestone fissure aquifer had been reported so far. In this study, the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial population structure in the deep limestone fissure aquifer and groundwater and to discuss the population characteristics and diversity of petroleum-degrading bacteria. The correlation between the diversity of typical petroleum-degrading bacteria and the physicochemical factors was analyzed by the Redundancy Analysis. The results showed that the flora in the aquifer mainly belonged to Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and the biodiversity was higher in the groundwater than in the limestone karst fracture medium. The petroleum-degrading bacteria in the aquifer mainly belonged to Desulfovibrio, Nocardioides, and Pseudoxanthomonas, etc., and the petroleum-degrading fungi mainly came from the species of Capnodiales, Dothideales and Tremelellas. The correlations of petroleum-degrading bacteria/fungi and total petroleum hydrocarbons, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were much better in the groundwater than in the deep limestone fissure aquifer.