不同地域4种常用树种滞尘和吸滞重金属能力比较研究

为评估常见树种叶片滞尘及吸滞重金属的能力,本研究收集了4种常见绿化树种在多个城市的滞尘及吸滞重金属数据,用数理统计、区划分析等方法,探讨不同树种叶片在多城市环境滞尘和吸滞重金属的差异及其影响因素。结果表明,女贞、悬铃木和广玉兰的平均滞尘量差异不大,香樟滞尘量略低于其他3树种,但女贞叶片的滞尘潜能最大;女贞、广玉兰叶片滞尘量表现为南方城市大于北方城市,悬铃木叶片滞尘量表现为北方城市大于南方城市;在季节滞尘上,女贞叶片滞尘量表现为夏季低于秋季,悬铃木、广玉兰和香樟则是夏季高于秋季;多城市树种吸滞重金属分析显示,对Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn具有最大吸滞量的树种均是香樟,对Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn具有最大吸滞潜能的树种分别是女贞、悬铃木、香樟和香樟;香樟叶片对Pb、Cd的吸滞量受地域环境变化的影响较小,在中国南方城市比其他3树种更具有应用普适性;女贞叶片对Cu、Zn的吸滞量受地域环境变化的影响较小,比其他3树种具有普适性。

Comparative Study on Dust Retention and Stagnation of Heavy Metals in Four Common Tree Species in Different Regions

In order to evaluate the abilities of retaining dust and absorbing heavy metals of four common tree species, this study collected data of dust retention and heavy metals stagnation by these greening tree species in several cities, compared and analyzed their influencing factors in different urban environments by using mathematical statistics and zoning analysis methods. The results showed that the average dust retention abilities of Ligustrum lucidum, Platanus hispanica and Magnolia grandiflora were not significantly different, the dust retention ability of Cinnamomum camphora was slightly lower than those of other three species, and Ligustrum lucidum showed the largest dust retention potential. The dust retention abilities of leaves of Ligustrum lucidum and Magnolia grandiflora were greater in southern cities than in northern cities, while the dust retention ability of Platanus hispanica leaves was greater in northern cities than in southern cities. Seasonally, the dust retention ability of Ligustrum lucidum leaves in summer was lower than in autumn, but those of Platanus hispanica, Magnolia grandiflora and Cinnamomum camphora in summer were higher than in autumn. The analyses of heavy metals stagnation abilities by these tree species in different cities showed that Cinnamomum camphora had the largest stagnation ability for Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn, and the stagnation potentials of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn by tree species followed an order of Ligustrum lucidum, Platanus hispanica, Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum camphora. The stagnation abilities of Pb and Cd in leaves of Cinnamomum camphora were affected little by regional environmental changes, therefore, Cinnamomum camphora is more universally applicable than other three species in southern China. The stagnation abilities of Cu and Zn in leaves of Ligustrum lucidum were affected little by regional environmental changes, therefore, Ligustrum lucidum is more universally applicable than other three species.