黑土区土壤侵蚀经济损失价值估算及其特征分析——以黑龙江克拜东部黑土区为例

论文在GIS技术支持下，依据环境经济学原理，利用2005年的坡面侵蚀和沟蚀数据，对黑龙江克拜东部黑土区由土壤侵蚀造成的直接经济损失进行了定量估算；在此基础上，将黑土区土壤侵蚀经济损失与西北黄土高原地区、北方土石山区、西南岩溶区进行了对比分析。结果表明：研究区2005年由土壤侵蚀所造成的直接经济损失总价值约为9414.20×10⁴元，占当地种植业总收入的17.19%，部分乡镇损失价值占种植业收入的1/4以上。将黑土区土壤侵蚀经济损失与我国其他水蚀区对比发现：东北黑土区虽以轻度侵蚀为主，土壤侵蚀量固然不能与黄土高原相提并论，但由于黑土腐殖质含量高、养分丰富，轻度侵蚀即可造成严重的养分流失，其单位面积土壤侵蚀直接经济损失价值是黄土高原的3～4倍。

Evaluation on Economic Loss Caused by Soil Erosion in Black SoilRegion of Northeast China and Its Characteristics Analysis--A Case Study of Eastern Kebai Black Soil Area in Heilongjiang Province

As the largest domestic commodity grain production base, the Black Soil Region of Northeast China plays an important role in national grain security. However, due to intense unreasonable cultivation, soil erosion has become a serious problem and caused severe damage to agricultural lands in recent years. In this research, taking Eastern Kebai Black Soil Area as an example, the hill slope erosion modulus was estimated using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and the gully erosion direct economic loss resulting from soil erosion in this area was estimated by applying the principles of Environmental Economics and GIS methods. The result showed that the total direct economic loss by soil erosion in Eastern Kebai Black Soil Area is about 94.14 million yuan with 80.9% of nutrients loss, 16.7% of abandoned land loss, 0.2% of water loss and 2.2% of sediment deposition loss. The economic loss caused by soil erosion occupies 17.19% of the agricultural income of this area in 2005. Thus, as a commodity grain base of China, the social and economic sustainable development of Black Soil Area is severely held back by soil erosion problem. After comparing the economic losses resulting from soil erosion in Black Soil Region of Northeast China, Loess Plateau of Northwest China, mountainous area of North China and karstic area of Southwest China, this study revealed that per unit economic loss in Black Soil Region of Northeast China is RMB 461 yuan/hm~2 every year which is three and a half times as much as that of the Loess Plateau Area. Therefore, even light erosion can lead to great economic loss for the black soil contains high content of nutrients and humus.