征税,还是补贴--对当前环境经济政策的反思

现行环境经济政策的目标在于纠正经济主体的外部不经济性，具体是通过税收或产权交易使外部成本内部化，本文称其为环境经济政策的“不对称性”。因为外部效应除了外部不经济以外，还有外部经济，现行的环境经济政策只考虑了前者却完全忽视了后者，只强调了外部成本的内部化却忽视了外部收益也应该内部化。以此为出发点，文章从现行政策的对立面出发，探讨了围绕外部收益内部化制定环境经济政策的必要性和可行性。最后作者分析了目前排污权交易存在的严重问题，并给出了解决问题的方法。

TAXATION OR ALLOWANCE

The target of the current environmental economic policy focuses only on how to minimize the harmful external effects caused by some market parties, through tradable permits and pollution charges. The author calls it "asymmetry", which means the policy ignores the beneficial external effects brought by some others. In one words, the article argues that we should pay the same attention to the external benefits as that on the external costs. From this point, the article made a discussion on the necessities and feasibilities of the optimization of the current environmental economic policy through minimizing the external benefit. At the end of the article, the author makes an analysis of the severe situation of the current drainage-right market and gives a solution accordingly.