湖北臭氧分布特征及其管控措施

采用地面站点观测、卫星观测以及UWCM 0-D箱子模型模拟的方法研究湖北2013—2015年臭氧时空分布特征,并探讨其管控措施。从地面站点观测看出,时间分布上,这3年臭氧年平均浓度经历先下降后上升的过程,总体呈上升趋势,而二氧化氮年平均浓度则呈现持续下降的趋势;空间分布上,湖北各区域臭氧浓度分布不均匀,呈现东高西低的递减分布趋势。从卫星观测数据看出,2015年湖北的臭氧柱浓度高于2013、2014年同期。从空间分布来看,臭氧的柱浓度是从东北到西南、从省外到省内逐渐递减,因此推测,除了本地生成,湖北的臭氧有一部分是来源于省外传输。最大臭氧生成量法显示,烯烃(乙烯和丙烯)对湖北夏天臭氧生成量的贡献远大于其他挥发性有机化合物。箱子模型模拟的结果显示,湖北应该通过控制挥发性有机化合物的排放来降低臭氧生成速率,控制氮氧化物反而使臭氧生成速率提高。

Ozone Distribution Characteristics and Its Control Measures in Hubei

Ground site observation, satellite observation and UWCM 0-D box model simulation were used to study the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in Hubei during 2013-2015, and then its control measures were examined. From the data in observation stations, the annual average concentration of ozone decreased in 2014 and then increased in 2015 when compared to that in 2013. In contrast, the annual average concentrations of the nitrogen dioxide showed a decreasing trend during these three years. The spatial distribution of the ozone concentrations in Hubei is uneven, with a trend of decreasing distribution from east to west. Seen from the satellite observations, ozone column concentration in 2015 is higher than that in 2013 and 2014. Spatial distribution indicates that ozone column concentrations gradually decreased from northeast to southwest, from outside to inside of the province, which suggests that in addition to local generation, part of ozone in Hubei came from the regional transport. According to the method of maximum ozone formation, olefins (ethylene and propylene) contributed more ozone generation in summer than other VOCs (volatile organic compounds). The box model simulation results showed that Hubei should control the emission of VOCs to reduce the ozone production, while controlling the nitrogen oxide would raise the ozone generation rate.