野生及养殖背角无齿蚌中元素的生物积累特征

作为建立渔业生态环境“淡水贝类观察”体系的基础研究之一，以宜兴养殖水域（N=7）和太湖三山岛自然水域（N=7）采集的背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana）为对象，运用电感耦合等离子质谱仪测定了背角无齿蚌软组织中元素Na、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Se、Cu、Cr、Cd的质量分数范围，并对各种元素积累水平的差异进行比较研究。结果表明，两水域中背角无齿蚌对元素的积累高低顺序具有相似的趋势。其中Ca质量分数最高，Co、Cr的质量分数最低，其它元素界于其间。养殖蚌样中的常量元素Na、K、Ca、Mg和微量元素Mn、Co的积累质量分数高于或接近自然水域蚌样中的相应元素，但后者中的重金属元素Cr、Cu、Cd、Ni质量分数显著地高于前者。养殖水域蚌样中的Mg-K、Mg-Ca、Mg-Ni、Mg-Mn、K-Ca、K—Co、K．Mn、Ca—Co、Ca—Ni、Ca．Mn、Ni—Mn、Cr-Co、Cu-Cd以及自然水域蚌样中的Mg—K、Ca-Cr、Ca—Mn、Ca-Ni、Ca-Cd、Cr—Mn、Cr-Ni、Cr-Cd质量分数之间呈现显著的相关性。

Characteristics of element bioaccumulation between farmed and wild swan mussels Anodonta woodiana

As one of the basic scientific researches for establishment of a "Freshwater Mussel Watching"monitoring system, an Agilent 7500ce inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to comparatively investigate the bioaccumulative characteristics of 12 elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Se, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in total soft tissue of the farmed (N=7) or wild (N=7) swan mussels Anodonta woodiana, which collected from Yixing aquaculture farm of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, or Sanshandao natural water of the Taihu Lake, respectively. The results of the present study showed that the swan mussels from two different habitats showed a similar order of elemental abundance. The highest concentration was found in Ca, while the the lowest concentration was found in Co and Cr. The remaining 9 elements presented in the moderate concentrations. In addition, the levels of macro element Na, K, Ca, Mg and trace element Mn, Co were significantly higher or almost the same in the farmed mussels in comparison with the wild swan mussels. However, the higher levels of heavy metal Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni were observed in those mussels from Sanshandao natural water of the Taihu Lake, indicating that living habitats might have an important influence on elemental bioaccumulation patterns in A. Woodiana, and the mussels in the natural water were exposed to a higher load of the heavy metals in their soft tissues than those from the farmed habitat. A significant correlation was found between elemental concentrations of Mg-K, Mg-Ca, Mg-Ni, Mg-Mn, K-Ca, K-Co, K-Mn, Ca-Co, Ca-Ni, Ca-M_n, Ni-Mn, Cr-Co, Cu-Cd in the farmed mussels, and Mg-K, Ca-Cr, Ca-Mn, Ca-Ni, Ca-Cd, Cr-Mn, Cr-Ni, Cr-Cd in the wild mussels, respectively, suggesting that a very complex inter-element relationship existed in both fanned and wild swan mussels of the present study.