河北沧州地区地下水中盐分的时空演化及其机理探讨

沧州地区多年来大量开采深浅层地下水,破坏了咸淡水层的界面,并导致咸水面下移,对下部含水层有较大的影响。本文以沧州地区地下水中的盐分为研究对象,在历史资料收集分析、野外水文地质调查、取样测试分析的基础上,对比分析了历史阶段和现阶段地下水TDS的空间分布规律,探讨了沧州深层和浅层地下水中TDS的空间分布特征、演化特点及成因。结果表明:从1980年到现在30余年,沧州地区深、浅层地下水的TDS均呈升高趋势,浅层水TDS高的区域从滨海向区域中部延伸,深层水TDS仍为滨海中部西部;补给量减少是浅层地下水TDS增大的主要原因,深层地下水开采是深层地下水TDS增大的主要原因。可通过有效解决深层地下水超采问题,同时,对TDS高的微咸水和咸水进行综合开发利用等措施来改变沧州区域地下水TDS升高趋势。

Temporal-spatial Patterns and Evolution Mechanism of Groundwater Salinity in Groundwater of Cangzhou Area, Hebei Province, China

Groundwater of both shallow and deep aquifers in Cangzhou area, Hebei Province, China is over-exploited for decades, which is disturbing the interface between freshwater and saline water and causing the downward movement of the interface. Furthermore, it threatens the safety of deep aquifer. Through collecting data from literatures and filed investigation, the temporal and spatial characteristics for total dissolved solids (TDS) of groundwater in Cangzhou area were obtained. The mechanisms of evolution for TDS were also analyzed. It shows that the content of TDS in deep and shallow groundwater had increased at different speeds from 1980s to 2010s, and sallow groundwater with the high values of TDS had extended from coastal to the middle area, and for deep ground water, TDS decreases following the order of coastal, middle and western of Cangzhou area. Supplement of groundwater and mining of deep groundwater were the main factors for TDS evolutions of shallow and deep groundwater respectively. In order to prevent the further increasing of TDS, it is necessary to effectively control overexploitation of deep aquifers and comprehensively utilize brackish and salty water.