Etiology and management of early pregnancy renal anhydramnios: Is there a place for serial amnioinfusions? |
| |
Authors: | Angie C Jelin Katelynn G Sagaser Katherine R Forster Tochi Ibekwe Mary E Norton Eric B Jelin |
| |
Institution: | 1. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland;2. The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland;3. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California;4. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland |
| |
Abstract: | Early pregnancy renal anhydramios (EPRA) comprises congenital renal disease that results in fetal anhydramnios by 22 weeks of gestation. It occurs in over 1 in 2000 pregnancies and affects 1500 families in the US annually. EPRA was historically considered universally fatal due to associated pulmonary hypoplasia and neonatal respiratory failure. There are several etiologies of fetal renal failure that result in EPRA including bilateral renal agenesis, cystic kidney disease, and lower urinary tract obstruction. Appropriate sonographic evaluation is required to arrive at the appropriate urogenital diagnosis and to identify additional anomalies that allude to a specific genetic diagnosis. Genetic evaluation variably includes karyotype, microarray, targeted gene testing, panels, or whole exome sequencing depending on presentation. Patients receiving a fetal diagnosis of EPRA should be offered management options of pregnancy termination or perinatal palliative care, with the option of serial amnioinfusion therapy offered on a research basis. Preliminary data from case reports demonstrate an association between serial amnioinfusion therapy and short-term postnatal survival of EPRA, with excellent respiratory function in the neonatal period. A multicenter trial, the renal anhydramnios fetal therapy (RAFT) trial, is underway. We sought to review the initial diagnosis ultrasound findings, genetic etiologies, and current management options for EPRA. |
| |
Keywords: | |
|
|