Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in urban soils of Bratislava, Slovakia: patterns, relation to PAHs and vertical distribution |
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Authors: | Musa Bandowe Benjamin A Sobocka Jaroslava Wilcke Wolfgang |
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Institution: | a Earth System Science Research Center, Geographic Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann Joachim Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany b Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia c Geographic Institute, University of Berne, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Berne, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | We determined concentrations, sources, and vertical distribution of OPAHs and PAHs in soils of Bratislava. The ∑14 OPAHs concentrations in surface soil horizons ranged 88-2692 ng g−1 and those of ∑34 PAHs 842-244,870 ng g−1. The concentrations of the ∑9 carbonyl-OPAHs (r = 0.92, p = 0.0001) and the ∑5 hydroxyl-OPAHs (r = 0.73, p = 0.01) correlated significantly with ∑34 PAHs concentrations indicating the close association of OPAHs with parent-PAHs. OPAHs were quantitatively dominated by 9-fluorenone, 9,10-anthraquinone, 1-indanone and benzoa]anthracene-7,12-dione. At several sites, individual carbonyl-OPAHs had higher concentrations than parent PAHs. The concentration ratios of several OPAHs to their parent-PAHs and contribution of the more soluble OPAHs (1-indanone and 9-fluorenone) to ∑14 OPAHs concentrations increased with soil depth suggesting that OPAHs were faster vertically transported in the study soils by leaching than PAHs which was supported by the correlation of subsoil:surface soil ratios of OPAH concentrations at several sites with KOW. |
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Keywords: | OPAHs PAHs Urban soil Source identification Leaching |
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