三氯乙烯在不同土壤中的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

吸附作用是影响三氯乙烯(TCE)在土壤环境中迁移、归趋的主要过程.采用有机碳含量不同的2种天然土壤以及用H2O2去除低聚合"软碳"和高温灼烧去除全部有机碳后所得到的4种土壤为吸附剂,考察了有机碳含量及组成、矿物质、TCE初始浓度、溶液pH、土壤含水率、离子强度等因素对吸附TCE的影响.结果表明,TCE在6种土壤上的吸附等温线呈非线性,随有机碳含量增加,土壤对TCE的吸附量增加;但矿物质的吸附贡献率却减小.土壤对TCE的吸附是土壤中有机碳和矿物质的共同作用,以有机碳为主,但矿物质的作用不可忽略;且TCE初始浓度越高,矿物质的贡献率相对越低.土壤中"软碳"的吸附等温线线性较好;而"硬碳"的吸附等温线为非线性.此外,增大离子强度对吸附具有促进作用,而pH和含水率对吸附几乎没有影响.

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Trichloroethylene Adsorption in Different Soil Types

Adsorption plays an important role in the transport and the fate of trichloroethylene (TCE) in soil. Six types of soil, including two types of natural soil with different organic carbon content and four types of soil with the low aggregation of "soft carbon" pre-treated by hydrogen peroxide or with all organic carbon removed by high temperature ignition from the original soil, were adopted as adsorbents. The effects of parameters (organic carbon content and composition, minerals, the initial TCE concentration, solution pH, moisture content and ionic strength) on TCE adsorption capacity were examined. The results showed that the soil adsorption isotherm was non-linear within the experimental range. The TCE adsorption capacity was increased and the contribution rate of the minerals to the sorption was reduced with the increase of the organic carbon content. The adsorption of TCE in the soil was the result of the combined action of both organic carbon and minerals, in which organic carbon played a major part, whereas the role of minerals could not be neglected. As the initial TCE concentration increased, the contribution rate of the minerals to the sorption went down. The adsorption isotherm of "soft carbon" was linear, while the "hard carbon" was non-linear. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was increased by increasing the ionic strength. In contrast, neither pH nor moisture content had any influence on TCE adsorption.