Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries |
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| Authors: | Li Li Jing Ge Renjie Chen Feng Wu Shi Chen Xiaoxiao Zhang |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India;2. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte 574 110, India;3. Dept. of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi 591 156, India;1. Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Metallurgy, Institute of Recycling Technologies, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia;2. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Sustainable Materials Management, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | We investigated an environmentally friendly leaching process for the recovery of cobalt and lithium from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries. The easily degradable organic acid DL-malic acid (C4H5O6) was used as a leaching reagent. The structural, morphology of the cathode materials before and after leaching were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The amount of Co and Li present in the leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Conditions for achieving a recovery of more than 90 wt.% Co and nearly 100 wt.% Li were determined experimentally by varying the concentrations of leachant, time and temperature of the reaction as well as the initial solid-to-liquid ratio. We found that hydrogen peroxide in a DL-malic acid solution is an effective reducing agent because it enhances the leaching efficiency. Leaching with 1.5 M DL-malic acid, 2.0 vol.% hydrogen peroxide and a S:L of 20 g L?1 in a batch extractor results in a highly efficient recovery of the metals within 40 min at 90 °C. |
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