The use of life cycle assessment for the comparison of biowaste composting at home and full scale |
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| Authors: | Julia Martínez-Blanco Joan Colón Xavier Gabarrell Xavier Font Antoni Sánchez Adriana Artola Joan Rieradevall |
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| Affiliation: | 1. SosteniPrA Research Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Edifici C Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Edifici Q Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;3. Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Edifici Q Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;1. IRSTEA, UR GERE, 17 Avenue du Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France;2. Université européenne de Bretagne, France;3. Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9;1. National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Unit of Environmental Science & Technology, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece;2. EPTA SA, 16 Iniochou Str., Halandri 15238, Greece;3. Association of Municipalities in the Attica Region–Solid Waste Management (EDSNA), 6 Andersen Str., 11525 Athens, Greece;1. Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;2. College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Beijing 100193, PR China;1. Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;2. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;3. Office of Physical Plant, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;4. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Environmental impacts and gaseous emissions associated to home and industrial composting of the source-separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste have been evaluated using the environmental tool of life cycle assessment (LCA). Experimental data of both scenarios were experimentally collected. The functional unit used was one ton of organic waste. Ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide released from home composting (HC) were more than five times higher than those of industrial composting (IC) but the latter involved within 2 and 53 times more consumption or generation of transport, energy, water, infrastructures, waste and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions than HC. Therefore, results indicated that IC was more impacting than HC for four of the impact categories considered (abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidation and cumulative energy demand) and less impacting for the other three (acidification, eutrophication and global warming). Production of composting bin and gaseous emissions are the main responsible for the HC impacts, whereas for IC the main contributions come from collection and transportation of organic waste, electricity consumption, dumped waste and VOCs emission. These results suggest that HC may be an interesting alternative or complement to IC in low density areas of population. |
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