Cleaner pathways of hydrogen,carbon nano-materials and metals production via solar thermal processing |
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| Authors: | Nesrin Ozalp Michael Epstein Abraham Kogan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Texas A&M University at Qatar, Mechanical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar;2. Weizmann Institute of Science, Solar Research Facilities, Rehovot 76100, Israel;1. Cancer Biomarkers Development Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea;2. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Inchon 403-720, South Korea;1. Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, 55812 Duluth, MN, USA;1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Matematiktorvet 303B, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;3. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Søltofts Plads Bygning 229, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;1. Texas A&M University at Qatar, Mechanical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar;2. Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Mechanical Engineering Department, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University Northwest, 46323 Hammond, IN, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes various solar thermochemical processes for the production of hydrogen, carbon nano particles, industrial grade carbon black, and metals with substantially reduced CO2 emission footprint. The paper introduces an innovative approach of a three-dimensional volumetric production of carbon nano particles via thermal cracking of methane gained by carbon seeding as an alternative to the existing two dimensional modes. The paper also describes an alternative pathway for hydrogen production via three consecutive solar thermochemical processes, namely, solar cracking of methane, solar carbo-reduction of ZnO and CO reduction of CdO, providing long term storage of solar energy. Finally, the paper provides an example solar windowed reactor for clean production of hydrogen, and it presents numerical analysis of the solar reactor based on computational fluid dynamics results, simulating one of the major problems with natural gas cracking in solar reactors, namely, carbon contamination of the transparent window and clogging of the reactor. |
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