Changes in soil characteristics during landfill leachate irrigation of Populus deltoides |
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| Authors: | Vesna Zupanc Maja Zupan?i? Justin |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain;2. MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115B, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;1. Ecologist, USDA-ARS, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 67826, USA;2. Assistant Professor, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84642, USA;3. Professor, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84642, USA;4. Associate Professor, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84642, USA;5. Professor, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA;1. MED_Soil Research Group, Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química (Universidad de Sevilla), C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;2. GEA — Environmental Soil Science Group, Departamento de Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente (Universidad Miguel Hernández), Edificio Alcudia, Avda de la Universidad s/n., 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain;3. Geography Department, (Swansea University), Wallace Building 210, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;1. University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;2. Department of soil science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The effects of wastewater application on electrical conductivity, water retention and water repellency of soils planted with Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood) and irrigated with different concentrations of landfill leachate and compost wastewater, tap water and nutrient solution were evaluated. Substrate water content at field capacity (?0.033 MPa) and at permanent wilting point (?1.5 MPa) was determined with a pressure plate extractor to assess available water capacity of the substrate. A water drop penetration test was used to determine substrate water repellency. The biomass of nutrient and landfill leachate treatments was significantly (P < 0.05) greater compared to the tap water and compost wastewater treatments. All treatments increased substrate water content at field capacity and at permanent wilting point. Landfill leachate significantly increased available water capacity (up to 52%); treatment with compost wastewater significantly decreased it (25–47%). All substrates showed increased water repellency after the experiment at field capacity and permanent wilting point comparing to the original substrate. The strongest influence on water repellency at both field capacity and permanent wilting point showed irrigation with compost wastewater and tap water. Pronounced influence on substrate’s water repellency of compost wastewater could be contributed to a high content of dissolved organic carbon, whereas Mg and Ca cations caused flocculation and consequent water repellency of the substrate irrigated with tap water. The results indicate that soil physical characteristics must be closely monitored when landfill leachate and compost wastewater are used for irrigation to avoid long term detrimental effects on the soil, and consequently on the environment. Due to the complexity of the compost wastewater quality the latter should be applied on open fields only after prior pre-treatment to reduce dissolved organic carbons, or alternatively, compost wastewater should be added only intermittently and in diluted ratios. |
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