Biphasic production of hydrogen and methane from waste lactose in cyclic-batch reactors |
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Authors: | Charles J. Banks Elina A. Zotova Sonia Heaven |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;2. Organic Power Ltd, Gould’s House, Horsington, Somerset BA8 0EW, UK;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan;2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agriculture and Biology Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12311, Egypt;1. College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People''s Republic of China;2. College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People''s Republic of China;3. College of Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People''s Republic of China;1. Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;2. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, Via Trieste 23, 34170 Gorizia, Italy;3. Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria |
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Abstract: | The biphasic production of the energy gases hydrogen and methane was possible in a fed batch culture resulting in a volumetric mix of approximately 20% H2 and 80% CH4 and an energy conversion efficiency of 95%, based on the measured Chemical Oxygen Demand and theoretical calculations assuming that the substrate (a dairy waste permeate) was lactose. Gas production showed a rapid initial phase over 0–20 h in which the composition was up to 50% hydrogen with the balance mainly carbon dioxide. This was accompanied by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in which butyric was predominant. A slower second phase of gas production produced a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with a reduction in the accumulated acids. The duration of this second phase depended on the initial load applied to the reactor, and in the experiments carried out lasted between 6 and 12 days. Where the applied initial load led to an acid accumulation such that the pH fell below 5.5, the second phase of gas production was inhibited. Where pH control was exerted to prevent the pH dropping below 6.5, ethanol accumulated alongside VFA as a first phase product, with the gas comprised entirely of carbon dioxide. Despite the excellent energy conversion and the production of biogas fuel elements matching those for hythane (a mixture of hydrogen and methane, with improved combustion characteristics), the overall process loading was considered too low for efficient volumetric conversion of the feedstock to energy. The concept could be further developed based on high rate reactor systems with granular or immobilised biomass either as a single tank biphasic system or in a split tank two phase production process. |
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