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Determination of MBT-waste reactivity – An infrared spectroscopic and multivariate statistical approach to identify and avoid failures of biological tests
Authors:K Böhm  E Smidt  E Binner  M Schwanninger  J Tintner  P Lechner
Institution:1. Institute of Waste Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria;2. Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi’an, China;2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China;3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China;1. Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;2. Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary;1. LBE, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France;2. Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France;3. Université Bretagne Loire, France;1. Hematopathology Service, Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;2. Oncohematology of the Elderly Unit, Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;3. Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation and University of Milan, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;5. Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;6. Division of Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy;7. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;8. First Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;1. Division of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York;2. Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York;3. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
Abstract:The Austrian Landfill Ordinance provides limit values regarding the reactivity for the disposal of mechanically biologically treated (MBT) waste before landfilling. The potential reactivity determined by biological tests according to the Austrian Standards (OENORM S 2027 1-2) can be underestimated if the microbial community is affected by environmental conditions. New analytical tools have been developed as an alternative to error-prone and time-consuming biological tests. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in association with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) was used to predict the reactivity parameters respiration activity (RA4) and gas generation sum (GS21) as well as to detect errors resulting from inhibiting effects on biological tests. For this purpose 250 MBT-waste samples from different Austrian MBT-plants were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy in the mid (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) area and biological tests. Spectroscopic results were compared with those from biological tests. Arising problems caused by interferences of RA4 and GS21 are discussed. It is shown that FT-IR spectroscopy predicts RA4 and GS21 reliably to assess stability of MBT-waste materials and to detect errors.
Keywords:
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