Addition of tracers into the polypropylene in view of automatic sorting of plastic wastes using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry |
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| Authors: | F Bezati D Froelich V Massardier E Maris |
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| Institution: | 1. MAPIE-Laboratoire de Modélisation, Analyse et Prévention des Impacts Environnementaux, Institut ENSAM Savoie Technolac, 4 Rue du Lac Majeur, F-73375 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France;2. IMP/LMM-Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères – Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires UMR 5223, INSA de Lyon Bat. Jules VERNE, 17, rue Jean Capelle F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India;2. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;1. School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;2. Thermo Fisher Scientific (GmbH) Bremen, Hanna-Kunath-Str 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany;3. Institute for Testing and Certification, T. Bati 299, 76421 Zlin, Czech Republic;1. INERIS (National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;2. Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | This study focused on the detection of rare earth oxides, used as tracers for the identification of polymer materials, using XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectrometry. The tests were carried out in a test system device which allows the collection of static measurements of the samples’ spectrum through the use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technology.A sorting process based on tracers added into the polymer matrix is proposed in order to increase sorting selectivity of polypropylene during end-of-life recycling. Tracers consist of systems formed by one or by several substances dispersed into a material, to add a selective property to it, with the aim of improving the efficiency of sorting and high speed identification.Several samples containing rare earth oxides (Y2O3, CeO2, Nd2O3, Gd2O3, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and Yb2O3) in different concentrations were prepared in order to analyse some of the parameters which can influence the detection, such as the concentration of tracers, the acquisition time and the possible overlapping among the tracers. This work shows that by using the XRF test system device, it was possible to detect 5 of the 7 tracers tested for 1 min exposure time and at a concentration level of 1000 ppm. These two parameters will play an important role in the development of an industrial device, which indicates the necessity of further works that needs to be conducted in order to reduce them. |
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