Toxicity of char residues produced in the co-pyrolysis of different wastes |
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| Authors: | Maria Bernardo N Lapa M Gonçalves R Barbosa B Mendes F Pinto I Gulyurtlu |
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| Institution: | 1. UBiA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;2. INETI-DEECA, Ed. J, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;1. School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea;2. Frontier Laboratories Ltd., 1-8-14, Saikon, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8862, Japan;3. Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;7. Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea;1. Unidade de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;2. Unidade de Tecnologias de Conversão e Armazenamento de Energia, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Ed. J, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;1. School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China;2. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | Char residues produced in the co-pyrolysis of different wastes (plastics, pine biomass and used tyres) were characterized using chemical and toxicity assays. One part of the solid chars was submitted to extraction with dichloromethane (DCM) in order to reduce the toxicity of the char residues by removing organic contaminants. The different volatility fractions present in the extracted char (Char A) and in the raw char (Char B) were determined by progressive weight loss combustion. A selected group of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and As) was determined in both chars.The chars were subjected to the leaching test ISO/TS 21268 – 2, 2007 and the resulting eluates were further characterized by determining a group of inorganic parameters (pH, conductivity, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and As contents) and the concentrations of several organic contaminants (volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and alkyl phenols). An ecotoxicological characterization was also performed by using the bio-indicator Vibrio fischeri.The chemical and ecotoxicological results were analyzed according to the Council Decision 2003/33/CE and the criteria on the evaluation methods of waste ecotoxicity (CEMWE).The results obtained in this work indicated that the extraction with DCM is an effective method for the removal of organic contaminants of high to medium volatility from pyrolysis solid residues, thus decreasing their toxicity potential. Zn can be leached from the chars even after the DCM extraction treatment and can contribute to the ecotoxicity of the eluates obtained from chars.Both chars (treated and non treated with DCM) were classified as hazardous and ecotoxic wastes. |
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