Sewage sludge ash to phosphorus fertiliser (II): Influences of ash and granulate type on heavy metal removal |
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| Authors: | H Mattenberger G Fraissler M Jöller T Brunner I Obernberger P Herk L Hermann |
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| Institution: | 1. BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria;2. ARP GmbH, Johann Sacklgasse 65-67, 8700 Leoben, Austria;3. ASH DEC Umwelt AG, Donaufelderstrasse 101/4/5, 1210 Wien, Austria;4. BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria;1. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Ul. Warszawska 24, Kraków, Poland;2. Cracow University of Science and Technology, Ul. Gramatyka 10, Kraków, Poland;3. The Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Wybickiego 7, Kraków, Poland;1. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical Engineering, DTU Risø Campus, Technical University of Denmark Building 313, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Plant and Soil Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, Denmark;1. B+LABNET Interdepartmental Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy;2. INSTM and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;4. Brussels Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Ashes from monoincineration of sewage sludge suggest themselves as an ideal base for inorganic fertiliser production due to their relatively high phosphorus (P)-content. However, previously they need to be detoxified by reducing their heavy metal content. The core process considered in this paper consists of three steps: mixing of the ashes with suitable chlorine-containing additives, granulation of the mixture and thermochemical treatment in a rotary kiln. Here relevant heavy metal compounds are first transformed into volatile species with the help of the additives and then evaporated from the granules.In this study two chemically different ashes and their mixture were agglomerated to two different granulate types, briquettes and rolled pellets. The resulting six different materials were subjected to thermal treatment at different temperatures. The heavy metals examined were Cu and Zn due to their strong dependence on treatment conditions and their relevance concerning thermal treatment of sewage sludge ashes. Besides, the behaviour of Cl and K was monitored and evaluated.The experiments showed that ash type and temperature are more influential on Cl and heavy metal chemistry than granulate type. Temperature is a primary variable for controlling removal in both cases. Cu removal was less dependent on both ash and granulate type than Zn. The Cl utilization was more effective for Cu than for Zn. Depending on the treatment conditions some K could be retained, whereas always all P remained in the treated material. This satisfies the requirement for complete P recycling. |
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