Genetic heterogeneity among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eurytemora affinis</Emphasis> populations in Western Europe |
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Authors: | Gesche Winkler Sami Souissi Céline Poux Vincent Castric |
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Institution: | 1.Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Québec-Océan,Université de Québec à Rimouski,Rimouski,Canada;2.Université Lille Nord de France,Lille,France;3.USTL, LOG, Station Marine de Wimereux,Wimereux,France;4.CNRS-UMR 8187, LOG,Wimereux,France;5.Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille-Lille 1,Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex,France |
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Abstract: | Evolutionary diversification of the broadly distributed copepod sibling species complex Eurytemora affinis has been documented in the northern hemisphere. However, the fine scale geographic distribution, levels of genetic subdivision,
evolutionary, and demographic histories of European populations have been less explored. To gain information on genetic subdivision
and to evaluate heterogeneity among European populations, we analyzed samples from 8 locations from 58° to 45°N and 0° to
23°E, using 549 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We discovered three distinct lineages
of E. affinis in Western Europe, namely the East Atlantic lineage, the North Sea/English Channel (NSEC) lineage, and the Baltic lineage.
These geographically separated lineages showed sequences divergence of 1.7–2.1%, dating back 1.9 million years (CI: 0.9–3.0
My) with no indication of isolation by distance. Genetic divergence in Europe was much lower than among North American lineages.
Interestingly, genetic structure varied distinctively among the three lineages: the East Atlantic lineage was divided between
the Gironde and the Loire populations, the NSEC lineage comprised one single population unit spanning the Seine, Scheldt and
Elbe rivers and the third lineage was restricted to the Baltic Proper (Sweden). We revealed high haplotype diversity in the
East Atlantic and the Baltic lineages, whereas in the NSEC lineage haplotype diversity was comparatively low. All three lineages
showed signs of at least one demographic expansion event during Pleistocene glaciations that marked their genetic structure.
These results provide a preliminary overview of the genetic structure of E. affinis in Europe. |
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