垦殖后洲滩湿地生态恢复的景观设计途径——以长江新济洲滩为例

长江南京段新济洲滩是一处由心滩不断扩大形成的洲滩湿地，由于人类长期垦殖、修筑垸堤等活动，导致洲滩湿地的景观格局和过程发生根本性改变，湿地生态系统服务退化。从景观生态学的角度出发，参照Steinitz景观设计六步骤模式，构建了描述、过程、评价、改变、评估和决策模型，探讨洲滩湿地的生态恢复途径，指出拆除垸堤、去除人类过分干扰是新济洲滩生态恢复的关键，恢复自然洪水过程、让自然做功、恢复季节性湿地及生境是其基本途径。模拟维持现状、拆除圩堤、拆除防洪堤3种预景，分析不同预景洲滩湿地面积、生物栖息地面积变化，结果表明拆除防洪堤将使洲滩季节性、洪水泛滥湿地面积所占比重分别将由5%、4%增加到56%、24%，长江鱼类、龟鳄类、涉禽类栖息地面积所占比重由7%、11%、5%分别增加到21%、75%、56%。湿地是重要的景观生态系统，利用Steinitz六步骤模式进行生态恢复途径的探讨，对其他湿地生态恢复的规划和设计也有重要的借鉴意义

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF A RECLAIMED ISLAND LANDSCAPE IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

This paper discussed the ecological restoration of a reclaimed riparian wetland,using the example of Xinji Riverine Island located inside the Yangtze River,with GIS/RS tools and a six-level framework.The reclaimed island was strongly anthropogenically disturbed,resulting in a change of structure and process of the riverine island landscape as well as a decrease of its ecological services.The ecological approach considers the physical and biological factors to represent landscape's ability to support riparia...