Agricultural productivity and environmental insecurity in the Usangu plain, Tanzania: policy implications for sustainability of agriculture |
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Authors: | Z J U Malley M Taeb T Matsumoto |
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Institution: | (1) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Agricultural Research Institute-Uyole, P.O. Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania;(2) Institute of Advance Studies 6F, International Organizations Center, United Nations University, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama, 220-0012, Japan;(3) International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education (ICCAE), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan |
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Abstract: | Sustainable agricultural development is a necessity for sustainable economic growth and social development in Africa. Sustainable
agriculture largely depends on how effective natural and environmental resources are managed and utilized; it also depends
on the security of continuous access to such resources. This research was aimed to look into trends in agricultural productivity,
examine the persistence of the environmental insecurity, analyze the relationship between the two, and explore their links
to the national development policies. The results are discussed in the context of relevance to national development policies
and their implications on the sustainability of agriculture and rural livelihoods security. Literature survey, records collection
from the stakeholders, village level participatory assessments (PAs), observations and questionnaire survey were tools used
for data collection. The study shows significant (P < 0.01) declines in cereal crop yields, cattle milk yield and cattle calving rate, and increasing cattle mortality rate.
Elements of environmental insecurity were found to account for decline in agricultural productivity; significant (P < 0.01) proportion (68%), of 266 households interviewed, reported land resources deterioration, declining soil fertility,
and increasing drought frequencies as the causes of their low productivity. Declined fertilizer consumption and increasing
variability in rainfall amount significantly (P < 0.01) accounted for 59% and 39%, respectively, of the variations observed in total annual production of rice and maize,
which are major cereals in the study area. This study recommends measures to improve soil productivity such as improved fertilizer
application and use of organic manures along with mineral fertilizers for maintaining soil productivity; education of farmers
on sustainable use and management of land resources; and pro-poor rural policies in agricultural development and environmental
governance.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. |
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Keywords: | Cultivation extensification Declining land productivity Drought frequency Integrated land resource management Rural livelihood insecurity |
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