植物叶片氨挥发研究进展

氨是大气污染的一个重要组成部分,植物叶片氨挥发是大气氨污染的来源之一。植物氨挥发的强弱与植株氮素利用效率有很好的相关性,很多研究表明,植株收获时的总氮量一般显著小于植株氮素最大累积量,植株生长后期体内含氮化合物的水解和氨的挥发可能是其重要原因。因此,研究植物体的氨挥发对于大气环境保护和提高氮肥利用率具有非常重要的意义。本文对植物叶片氨挥发的主要测定方法、机理和影响因素进行了综述,对植物叶片氨挥发研究中的一些问题进行了讨论。

Progress in Research on Ammonia Volatilization From Plant Leaves

Ammonia is becoming recognized as an important atmosphere pollutant,and ammonia volatilization from plants is one of the important sources of atmospheric ammonia.Findings of numerous researches have shown that the total nitrogen in plants at their harvesting time is usually significantly lower than that in the peak N accumulation period during the growing stage.The main cause of this might be ammonia volatilization from plants and hydrolyzation of some nitrogen-containing compounds within the plants at their middle to later growing stages.The potential of crop plants to act as major sources of ammonia emission is of more recent interest.On the other hand,ammonia volatilization from plants could be closely related to the nitrogen use efficiency in plants.Thus,it is of great significance to study ammonia volatilization from plants.The present paper is trying to review researches on ammonia volatilization from plants,mainly including methods for determining ammonia volatilization,mechanism of ammonia volatilization and factors affecting the ammonia volatilization from plants,and relationship between ammonia volatilization and nitrogen metabolisms in plants.Problems that need to be solved in the future are pointed out.