Towards a long-term integrated monitoring programme in Europe: network design in theory and practice |
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Authors: | Parr T W Ferretti M Simpson I C Forsius M Kovács-Láng E |
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Affiliation: | (1) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Merlewood, Windermere Road, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, United Kingdom;(2) LINNAEA Ambiente Srl, Firenze, Italy;(3) Finnish Environment Institute, ICP IM Programme Centre, Helsinki, Finland;(4) Institute of Ecology and Botany of the Hungarian, Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary |
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Abstract: | Long-term integrated monitoring is an important approach forinvestigating, detecting and predicing the effects ofenvironmental changes. Currently, European freshwaters,glaciers, forests and other narural and semi-natural ecosystemsand habitats are monitored by a number of networks establishedby different organisations. However, many monitoring programmeshave a narrow focus (e.g. targeting individual ecosystems) andmost have different measurement protocols and sampling design.This has resulted in poor integration of ecosystem monitoring ata European level, leading to some overlapping of efforts and alack of harmonised data to inform policy decisions. The need fora consistent pan-European long-term integrated monitoring ofterrestrial systems programme is recognised in the scientificcommunity. However, the design of such a system can be problematic, not least because of the constraints imposed bythe need to make maximum use of existing sites and networks.Based on the outcomes of the NoLIMITS project (Networking ofLong-term Integrated Monitoring in Terrestrial Systems), thisarticle reviews issues that should be addressed in designing aprogramme based on existing monitoring sites and networks. Fourmajor design issues are considered: (i) users' requirements,(ii) the need to address multiple objectives, (iii) role ofexisting sites and (iv) operational aspects. |
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Keywords: | design issues global observing systems in situ data integrated monitoring long-term ecological research terrestrial ecosystems |
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