Particle interception,transport and rejection by the feather star Oligometra serripinna (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), studied by frame analysis of videotapes

Suspension feeding by a stalkless crinoid (Oligometra serripinna) was studied at Lizard Island, Australia, in 1985. The crinoids were placed in a laboratory flume with a slow, unidirectional current of seawater. Nutritive and non-nutritive particles (15 to 180 m) were introduced upstream from the crinoid, and feeding behavior was recorded at high magnifications on videotape for frame analysis. These direct observations showed that each intercepted particle (whether a dejellied clam egg, Sephadex bead or latex sphere) contacts a single, evidently adhesive tube foot and is rapidly transferred to the pinnular food groove by a bend of the tube foot. The tube foot bends in about 0.1 s and returns to its extended position in 1 to 2 s. Spheres less than 20 m in diameter cause only the intercepting tube foot to bend. In contrast, larger spheres cause the coordinated bending of the intercepting tube foot plus many of the neighboring tube feet: the stimulus spreads through the reacting group of tube feet at about 1 cm s^-1. After transfer to the pinnular food groove, the nutritive particles (dejellied clam eggs) travel at about 1 cm min^-1 to the arm axis and thence down the arm food groove at about 4 cm min^-1 to the mouth; in contrast, non-nutritive particles (Sephadex beads and latex spheres) are discarded from the pinnular food groove between 1 and 30 s after capture. Tube-foot bending is presumably triggered when arriving particles (whether nutritive or non-nutritive) are detected by sensory cells in the tubefoot epithelium: mechanoreception by itself appears sufficient to initiate bending, although chemoreception may modify the reaction. Then, soon after captured particles have been transferred to the pinnular food groove, the crinoid discards those judged unsuitable (probably by contact chemoreceptors in the food-groove epithelium). Clam eggs with intact jelly layers temporarily hang up on tube feet they contact and then float away in the curent: the jelly evidently interferes with mechanoreception and/or chemoreception by the tube-foot epithelium. Some previous studies of crinoid feeding have suggested that particles are trapped in extensive nets or strands of mucus: we found no evidence for this in O. serripinna, which captures particles predominantly be the direct interception method of the aerosol filtration model.