Recommended design for more accurate duplication of natural conditions in salt marsh creation |
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Authors: | Darnell T M Smith E H |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, NRC 3200, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Construction of 653 ha of salt marsh habitat from dredged material near the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, has been
proposed, with the goal of increasing the area of habitat available to endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana). We assessed prototype created wetlands, and their similarity to natural reference sites, in terms of topography, vegetation,
and hydrology. The created sites were steeply sloped relative to natural sites and were dominated by monotypic stands of Spartina alterniflora. Natural sites were dominated by vegetation more tolerant of desiccation and hypersalinity and by unvegetated salt pans.
Differences in vegetation communities and distributions of habitat types resulted from efforts to enhance habitat diversity
in created marsh cells through manipulation of marsh topography. However, the scale at which this diversity occurred in natural
marsh of the study area was not considered. When constructing wetlands in cellular configurations, we recommend creation of
large complexes of adjoining, hydrologically linked, cells wherein the desired habitat diversity is created at the scale of
the entire complex, rather than within a single cell. Suggested design modifications would increase the similarity of created
marshes to natural reference sites, potentially improving habitat function. |
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Keywords: | : Created wetland Topography Wetland vegetation Hydrology Whooping crane |
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