The effect of dust emissions from open storage piles to particle ambient concentration and human exposure |
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| Authors: | E Chalvatzaki V Aleksandropoulou T Glytsos M Lazaridis |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;3. China North Engine Research Institute, Tianjin 300400, China;1. School of the Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia;2. School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld. 4072, Australia;3. Dept of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3060, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada;4. Earth and Environmental Sciences & Geography, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;5. Dept of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The current study focus on the determination of dust emissions from piles in open storage yards of a municipal solid waste (MSW) composting site and the subsequent atmospheric dust dispersion. The ISC3-ST (Industrial Source Complex Version 3 – Short Term) model was used for the evaluation of the PM10 ambient concentrations associated with the dispersion of MSW compost dust emissions in air. Dust emission rates were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency proposed dust resuspension formulation from open storage piles using local meteorological data. The dispersion modelling results on the spatial distribution of PM10 source depletion showed that the maximum concentrations were observed at a distance 25–75 m downwind of the piles in the prevailing wind direction. Sensitivity calculations were performed also to reveal the effect of the compost pile height, the friction velocity and the receptor height on the ambient PM10 concentration. It was observed that PM10 concentrations (downwind in the prevailing wind direction) increased with increasing the friction velocity, increasing the pile height (for distances greater than 125 m from the source) and decreasing the receptor height (for distances greater than 125 m from the source). Furthermore, the results of ISC3-ST were analysed with the ExDoM (Exposure Dose Model) human exposure model. The ExDoM is a model for calculating the human exposure and the deposition dose, clearance, and finally retention of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract (RT). PM10 concentration at the composting site was calculated as the sum of the concentration from compost pile dust resuspension and the background concentration. It was found that the exposure to PM10 and deposited lung dose for an adult Caucasian male who is not working at the composting site is less by 20–74% and 29–84%, respectively, compared to those for a worker exposed to PM concentrations at the composting site. |
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