A summary of the available technologies for biodiesel production based on a comparison of different feedstock's properties |
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| Authors: | Jorge M Marchetti |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia;2. Department of Foundation and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia;3. National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Pakistan;1. Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran;1. Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran (www.brteam.ir);2. South Raadab Eng. Co., Tehran, Iran;3. Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Medan State Polytechnic, 20155 Medan, Indonesia;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, 23111 Banda Aceh, Indonesia;5. Generation & Environment Unit, TNB Research, No. 1 Lorong Ayer Itam, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box: 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Biodiesel production is mainly done by carrying on the transesterification reaction while using refined oil, methanol and a homogeneous base catalyst. When using refined oil, a competition between oil for food and oil for fuel is then presented. Even more, the conventional technology has the disadvantage that the raw material has to be very pure, with no traces of other impurities. Otherwise, undesirable products will be produced decreasing the productivity of the process and making a large amount of waste treatment.Because of this, other technologies appear as possible sources for biodiesel production, mainly from refined oil, but also allowing less pure raw material to be used, such as waste oil, frying oil, soapstocks, and animal fats.In this work, a comparison of all these different raw materials, their physicochemical properties and how they can have an influence, and the magnitude of this phenomenon, in the biodiesel production will be presented and compared. Based on the previous analysis, a short summary of the technological possibilities to produce good quality biodiesel from low price raw material will be discussed with the aim of showing their advantages and disadvantages when using different feedstocks. |
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