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The weathering of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash evaluated by some weathering indices for natural rock
Authors:Fumitake Takahashi  Takayuki Shimaoka
Institution:1. Faculty of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;2. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-chou, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;1. Lincoln Environmental Research, Lincoln Ventures Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;2. Water & Earth System Science (WESS) Competence Cluster, University of Tübingen, Institute for Geoscience, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;3. 17 Brookside Road, Rolleston 7614, New Zealand;4. Aqualinc Research Ltd., PO Box 14-041, Hamilton, New Zealand;1. Laboratory for Management, Treatment and Value of Waste (GTVD), University of Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo;2. Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, ENSIL, 16 rue Atlantis, Parc ESTER Technopôle, 87068 Limoges Cedex, France
Abstract:The weathering of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues consists of complicated phenomena. This makes it difficult to describe leaching behaviors of major and trace elements in fresh/weathered MSWI bottom ash, which was relevant interactively to pH neutralization and formation of secondary minerals. In this study, mineralogical weathering indices for natural rock profiles were applied to fresh/landfilled MSWI bottom ash to investigate the relation of these weathering indices to landfill time and leaching concentrations of component elements. Tested mineralogical weathering indices were Weathering Potential Index (WPI), Ruxton ratio (R), Weathering Index of Parker (WIP), Vogt’s Residual Index (V), Chemical Index of Alternation (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Plagioclase Index of Alternation (PIA), Silica–Titania Index (STI), Weathering Index of Miura (Wm), and Weatherability index of Hodder (Ks). Welch’s t-test accepted at 0.2% of significance level that all weathering indices could distinguish fresh and landfilled MSWI bottom ash. However, R and STI showed contrasted results for landfilled bottom ash to theoretical expectation. WPI, WIP, Wm, and Ks had good linearity with reclamation time of landfilled MSWI bottom ash. Therefore, these four indices might be applicable as an indicator to indentify fresh/weathered MSWI bottom ash and to estimate weathering time. Although WPI had weak correlation with leachate pH, other weathering indices had no significant correlation. In addition, all weathering indices could not explain leaching concentration of Al, Ca, Cu, and Zn quantitatively. Large difficulty to modify weathering indices correctly suggests that geochemical simulation including surface sorption, complexation with DOM, and other mechanisms seems to be the only way to describe leaching behaviors of major and trace elements in fresh/weathered MSWI bottom ash.
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