A comparative global assessment of potential negative emissions technologies |
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| Authors: | Duncan McLaren |
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| Institution: | 1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK;2. McLaren Environmental, Rågetsvägen 16, 72242 Västerås, Sweden;1. Centre for Process System Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;2. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;2. Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, B3H 4R2 Canada;3. NIWA, Greta Point, PO Box 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand;4. Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;5. Laboratoire ECOSYM, UMR 5119, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, Montpellier Cedex 5, France;6. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;7. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065, STN CSC Victoria, BC, Canada;8. IFM-GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;9. Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, Japan;10. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, UK;1. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A62, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;3. Moscow State Forest University, Institutskaya 1, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast 141005, Russia;4. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, str. 28, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;1. Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;2. Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK;3. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK |
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| Abstract: | The paper summarises a global assessment of around 30 prospective negative emissions techniques (NETs) found in the literature. Fourteen techniques including direct air capture, BECCS, biochar, and ocean alkalinity enhancement are considered in more detail.The novel functional categorisation of NETs developed in the course of the assessment is set out and a comparative quantitative summary of the results is presented, focusing on the relative readiness, global capacity, costs and side-effects of the prospective NETs.Both technology specific and more generic potential limitations are discussed, notably those arising from energy requirements, from availability of geological storage capacity and from sustainable supply of biomass.Conclusions are drawn regarding the overall scope of NETs to contribute to safe carbon budgets, and challenges arising in the future governance of NETs, with particular reference to the potential role of carbon markets. |
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