环境资源配置低效率及自然资本"富聚"现象剖析

根据技术效率、经济效率、自然效率、社会效率之间的关系，探讨了四个效率背离所导致的资源配置效率丧失以及由此引发的社会福利损失问题。在分析价格信号在资源配置过程中的作用的基础上，探讨了市场失效和价格背离现象。进一步指出了中国经济转型时期存在着自然资本富聚现象，并进一步分析其根源。包括：政府有效干预不足、现行经济增长方式和经济效率实现以对自然资本的低成本占用、机会导向型的资源配置方式、资本的价值取向、对经济财富以及单一行为人的效率追逐、产权缺位等。强调需要强化环境管理的公共管理属性，并对环境资源的权益主体的权利、责任和利益进行有效的界定和实施，通过制度和政策变革，干预和规范市场运作，促进资源的高效和公平配置。

Analysis on the Low Efficient Allocation of Environmental Resources and the Facts that the Advantaged Groups Capture the Natural Capital

This paper analyzes relationship and separation of technical efficiency, economic efficiency, natural and social efficiency. It discusses the expected resources allocation efficiency and further points out that the social welfare will be lost due to the inconsistency of the four efficiencies. On the basis of the analysis on the role of the price for allocating resources, this paper discusses the facts of market failure and distortion of price. It summarizes the findings of the facts of the natural capital have been flowing to advantaged groups during the transition of the society. It summarizes the root causes are the utilization of the natural capital at a lower cost basis by existing economic growth, the model of the recourses motivated by opporttmity other than cost/efficiency, the excessive profit orientation of capitals, and separation of individual efficiency and collective efficiency, the failure of property rights regime, etc. This paper calls for the reform of environmental management to reflect the public management feature and give concerns on a well defined property rights regime and its enforcement regarding to the environmental resources, with rights, responsibility and benefits/cost distribution.