浅埋公路隧道施工塌方事故的预防与整治技术研究

塌方事故经常发生在浅埋隧道施工过程中,这就成为造成工期延误和生命财产损失的一个重要安全隐患。随着我国公路工程建设的的迅速发展,公路隧道的建设规模越来越大,隧道施工过程中围岩稳定性问题也更加突出。笔者根据深圳盐田到坝岗高速公路段大梅沙隧道开挖的工程实例,对隧道塌方的原因进行了深入研究,结合实际与理论分析,取得了一些成果:得出隧道仰拱封闭距离的合理范围;将塌方类型分为未塌穿型和塌穿型两类,分别探讨了它们的治理与防治技术措施,并提出可行的处理比选方案;研究了管棚支护在防治塌方中的重要作用,就其力学效应分为梁拱效应、环槽效应、强化岩体效应3个方面加以阐释;最后提出了综合超前处置的重要思路和途径。

Study on Prevention of Collapse Accident in Shallow Buried Highway Tunnel and Its Countermeasures

Collapse accident of shallow buried highway tunnel frequently occurs during construction and becomes the potential damage for delay of construction period and economic loss. As the highway construction rapidly develops in China, the scale of tunnel construction is becoming larger and larger simultaneously; the stability problem of surrounding rocks becomes more and more prominent. Taking a constructing project as the example, the causation of collapse accident is analyzed. The important role of pipe canopy in preventing collapse accident is studied. At the same time an important project of preventing collapse accident in advance is put forward.