生态足迹在可持续性定量测度中的应用--以湖南省2000年为例

可持续发展定量测度的核心是确定人类是否生存于生态系统的承载力范围之内。E.R.William和M．Wackernagel于1992年提出并发展的生态足迹方法，就是一种定量测量人类对自然利用程度的新方法，它是一组基于土地面积的量化指标。通过跟踪区域的能源和资源消费，将它们转化为提供这种物质流所必须的各种生物生产型土地类型的面积，并与区域能提供的生物生产型土地面积进行比较，能定量判断一个区域的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内。该模型具有概念形象性、内涵丰富性以及实现对生态目标测度和较强的可操作性等特点。介绍了生态足迹的概念及生态足迹计算模型，在此基础上，对湖南省2000年的生态足迹进行了实证计算与分析，结果表明2000年湖南省人均生态赤字为0.532 4 hm2。最后，还对生态足迹理论进行了简要的评述。

APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS METHOD IN MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT--WITH HUNAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

Because human consume the products and services of nature, every one of us has an impact on the earth. Whether or not the human load stay within global carrying capacity? The ecological footprint concept which was put forward in recent years by ecological economist E. R. William and M.Wackernage1 has been designed to answer this question and estimate the impact on nature. It is a useful indicator for measuring the pressure imposed by human on nature capital and also a powerful indicator for regional sustainability. The ecological footprint of any defined population is the total area of ecologically productive land and water occupied exclusively to produce all the resources consumed and to assimilate all the wastes generated by the population. The ecological footprint and its calculation method is introduced in the paper. This article analyses the ecological footprint of Hunan Province in 2000. The ecological footprint ledger is composed with three main parts:①biotic resources;②energy consumption; and ③trade balance. With natural capital production at the regional level using existing data. Based on the ecological footprint method, in the case of Hunan Province, the result shows that the per capita deficit of ecological footprint was 0.532 4 per capita in 2000, and the development at present is disadvantageous for achieving sustainable development. At last, a brief comment about the theory of ecological footprint is put forward.