生产企业及周边环境中全氟化合物的污染特征

生产企业作为全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的直接来源地,现今被认为是PFCs污染的主要来源之一,同时其对周边环境具有更加直接而重大的影响。我国对生产企业周边环境中PFCs污染特性研究的报道较缺乏,补充丰富各地生产企业周边环境的PFCs污染特征,可为PFCs点源分析和污染溯源提供依据。以湖北省孝昌县某化工有限公司为典型生产企业,采集7个采样点的水体和土壤样品,分析典型地区环境介质中PFCs的污染现状与特征。结果显示,11种目标PFCs污染物在水体中有7种、土壤中有6种不同程度地检出,环境水体中PFCs的总浓度介于4.70~40.22μg·L-1,土壤中PFCs的总浓度介于58.22~2 075.60 ng·g-1之间。全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)为典型行业周边水体和土壤中最主要的PFCs污染物,其次是水体中的全氟己基磺酸钾(PFHx S)、全氟丁烷磺酸钾(PFBS)和土壤中的全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟己基磺酸钾(PFHx S)。PFCs检出浓度的大小与采样点距典型企业的距离极其相关,距离与污染物总量之间呈显著负相关性,但周边环境中PFCs的种类和构成比,不受与点源之间距离的影响。

Pollution Characteristics of Perfluorinated Compounds in Environment in Production Enterprise and Surrounding Area

Production enterprise is a direct origin of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs),and it is now considered one of main sources of PFCs pollution,which has significant impact on the surrounding environment.The research reported on pollution characteristics of PFCs in environment surrounding production enterprise in China was sparse.Conducting this research can provide a basis for the analysis of PFCs pollution characteristics and the trace of pollution source.Choosing a chemical company of producing PFCs in Xiaochang County,Hubei Province as point pollution source,we collected some water samples and soil samples in seven sampling sites,and analyzed the concentrations and distributions of PFCs surrounding production area.Results showed that 7 species in water and 6 species in soil were observed out of 11 PFCs.The concentration range of ΣPFCs in water was 4.70-40.22 μg·L-1,and the concentration range of ΣPFCs in soil was 58.22-2 075.60 ng· g-1.Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the main pollutant of PFCs in water and soil,followed by perfluorohexanesulfonic acid potassium salt (PFHxS),perfluorobutanesulphonic acid potassium salt (PFBS) in water and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),perfluorohexanesulfonic acid potassium salt (PFHxS) in soil.The concentration of PFCs was negativly correlated to the distance from the sampling site to the production area.The farther the distance,the smaller the total concentration,but the varieties and proportion of PFCs had little dependence on the distance.