中国区域创新效率及其影响因素

效率问题是中国科技创新过程中需重点关注的一个问题.本文以1998-2005年中国30个省份的研发面板数据为基础,以专利为创新的产出指标,R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入为创新的投入指标,应用随机前沿模型对各地区创新过程中的效率情况进行了实证测评,并就影响创新效率的环境因素进行了进一步探讨.主要的研究发现有:R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入对创新产出均有显著的正向影响,且R&D人员投入比R&D经费支出具有更高的产出弹性;劳动者素质对区域创新效率的提高有显著的正影响,而产业结构有显著的负影响,这可能与专利并不能全面反映高技术产业创新绩效有关;各地区的创新效率呈明显上升的趋势,且与地方经济发展结合越来越紧密;区域创新效率有收敛的趋势,后进地区的追赶效应明显.本文结论为国家及地方创新工程建设提供政策参考.

Stochastic Frontier Analysis on the Regional Innovation Efficiency of China

The efficiency should be given a key attention in China's scientific innovation process. Based on the R&D panel data of Chinese 30 provinces during 1998 - 2005, making the patent as the innovation output index, and making the R&D funds expenditure and R&D personnel as the innovation input index, using the stochastic frontier production function, this article takes an empirical analysis on the regional innovation efficiency of China. The main conclusion includes: there is a positive correlation between the patent output and the R&D funds expenditure, so as the R&D personnel invest, and the R&D personnel invest has a higher output elasticity compared to the R&D funds expenditure; there is a distinct positive correlation between the educational level of workers and the region innovation efficiency, while there is a distinct negative correlation between the industrial structure and the region innovation efficiency; the innovation efficiency of various areas present a steady-up trend, and it gets closer and closer to the development of provincial economy; the regional innovation efficiency has a converging tendency, and the pursueing effect of the less advanced area is obvious.