西双版纳民族村寨土地利用的景观影响

采用参与性农村评估法 ,并结合地方农业统计年鉴 ,从村级水平对西双版纳巴卡小寨和大卡老寨 2个民族村寨土地利用的景观影响作了初步调查与分析。结果表明 ,人多地少的巴卡小寨因无大面积的公益林等自然景观而使其人为干扰强度指数为 3.196 5 ,较大卡老寨强烈 ;受干扰景观中的粮食作物地和经济作物园斑块较多 ,景观破碎度分别为 0 .0 6 92和 0 .0 980hm-2 ,均大于大卡老寨。大卡老寨因为具有公益林、风景林和水体 ,其景观多样性为 1.4 5 95 ,以公益林、经济作物园和粮食作物地为优势景观 ;大卡老寨景观均匀度和优势度分别为 0 .6 6 4 2和 0 .7377,均大于巴卡小寨。 2个村寨的粮食作物地和经济作物园面积较大 ,表明粮食生产与经济作物种植是山区发展的出路所在 ,而水田面积的扩大和稳定有利于提高人口承载力。各景观类型的规模因受市场、技术等方面的影响而逐年波动 ,但从长时间来看又趋于稳定。民族文化政策和市场对 2个村寨土地利用和景观格局影响较大。

Impact of land use on agrolandscape

The impact of land use on the agrolandscape at the village level between Baka and Daka, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan was explored. The results show that the intensity index of human disturbance ( HD ) is 3.196 5 in Baka, higher than that of Daka because of lack of a large area of natural forest of commonweal. Correspondingly, the fragmentation index of grain and cash crops landscapes of Baka ( R i 0.069 2 and 0.098 0 hm -2 ) is higher than that of Daka, respectively. On the other hand, the heterogeneity, evenness and dominance indexes of the landscape of Daka ( H 1.459 5, E 0.664 2 and D 0.737 7) are higher than those of Baka, respectively,due to additional commonweal forest, scenic forest and water in Daka. Hence, Daka can maintain sustainable development depending on the commonweal forest. Cash crop plantations and grain crop farmlands make up a large proportion of the total, indicating that cultivation of grain and cash crops is the key to development of the mountain regions there. However, expansion or maintenance of the acreage of paddy fields contributes greatly to the increase in population carrying capacity of the land. Under the impact of the market and techniques, the scales of the agrolandscapes fluctuate from year to year, but remain stable from a long-term point of view. Nationality cultural policy and market have great impact on land use and landscape patterns of the two villages