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Deconstructing compassionate conservation |
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| Authors: | Matt W Hayward Alex Callen Benjamin L Allen Guy Ballard Femke Broekhuis Cassandra Bugir Rohan H Clarke John Clulow Simon Clulow Jennifer C Daltry Harriet T Davies-Mostert Peter J S Fleming Andrea S Griffin Lachlan G Howell Graham I H Kerley Kaya Klop-Toker Sarah Legge Tom Major Ninon Meyer Robert A Montgomery Katherine Moseby Daniel M Parker Stéphanie Périquet John Read Robert J Scanlon Rebecca Seeto Craig Shuttleworth Michael J Somers Cottrell T Tamessar Katherine Tuft Rose Upton Marcia Valenzuela-Molina Adrian Wayne Ryan R Witt Wolfgang Wüster |
| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308 Australia;2. Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350 Australia;3. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Northern Ring Road, Armidale, NSW, 2351 Australia
Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government, Orange, NSW, 2800 Australia;4. WildCRU, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abington Road, Oxford, OX135QL U.K.;5. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168 Australia;6. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308 Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balclava Road, Sydney, NSWs, 2019 Australia;7. Fauna & Flora International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB23QZ U.K.;8. Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa Endangered Wildlife Trust, Pinelands Office Park, Building K2, Ardeer Road, Modderfontein 1609, Johannesburg, South Africa;9. School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308 Australia;10. Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6019 South Africa;11. Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Science, University of Queensland, University Drive, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia;12. College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, College Road, Gwynedd, LL572DG U.K.;13. Fondation Yaguara Panama, Ciudad del Saber, calle Luis Bonilla, Panama City, 0843–03081 Panama;14. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 220 Trowbridge Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824 U.S.A.;15. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia Arid Recovery, Roxby Downs, SA, 5725 Australia;16. Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Drosty Road, Grahamstown, 6139 South Africa School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, D725 Roads, Mbombela, 1200 South Africa;17. Ongava Research Centre, P.O. Box 640, Outjo, 21005 Namibia;18. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, 5005 Australia;19. Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;20. Arid Recovery, Roxby Downs, SA, 5725 Australia;21. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México;22. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Brain Street, Manjimup, WA, 6258 Australia |
| Abstract: | Compassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Recently, compassionate conservation has been promoted as an alternative to conventional conservation philosophy. We believe examples presented by compassionate conservationists are deliberately or arbitrarily chosen to focus on mammals; inherently not compassionate; and offer ineffective conservation solutions. Compassionate conservation arbitrarily focuses on charismatic species, notably large predators and megaherbivores. The philosophy is not compassionate when it leaves invasive predators in the environment to cause harm to vastly more individuals of native species or uses the fear of harm by apex predators to terrorize mesopredators. Hindering the control of exotic species (megafauna, predators) in situ will not improve the conservation condition of the majority of biodiversity. The positions taken by so-called compassionate conservationists on particular species and on conservation actions could be extended to hinder other forms of conservation, including translocations, conservation fencing, and fertility control. Animal welfare is incredibly important to conservation, but ironically compassionate conservation does not offer the best welfare outcomes to animals and is often ineffective in achieving conservation goals. Consequently, compassionate conservation may threaten public and governmental support for conservation because of the limited understanding of conservation problems by the general public. |
| Keywords: | animal rights animal welfare effective conservation evidence-based conservation invasives invasive species lethal control translocation bienestar animal conservación basada en evidencias conservación efectiva control letal derechos animales especies invasoras invasoras reubicación 基于证据的保护 动物福利 动物权力 有效保护 入侵 入侵物种 灭杀控制 迁地保护 |