都柳江水系沉积物锑等重金属空间分布特征及生态风险

以都柳江沉积物为研究对象,通过系统采集表层沉积物样品,测定其重金属含量,查明了流域沉积物中重金属空间分布特征,结合主成分分析和相关性分析等统计学方法探讨了都柳江表层水系沉积物中重金属的来源,并利用地累积指数法、富集因子法和生态风险指数法评估了沉积物中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险.结果表明:(1)都柳江表层沉积物中Sb含量极高,可达7 080 mg·kg~(-1),且从上游到下游呈现逐渐降低的趋势,As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Tl和Zn等含量变化不大;(2)主成分分析提取的两个因子的累积贡献率达到77.67%,表明沉积物中重金属来源主要包括:矿业活动和自然源等;(3)地累积指数和富集因子表明,都柳江水系沉积物中Sb污染最为严重,其次是As和Cd,Co、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Tl和Zn的污染较轻,未受Cr污染;(4)各金属Hakanson潜在生态风险指数(Eir)依次为SbCdAsCoNiPbCuZnCr,而重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)结果表明,中度生态风险及以上等级的样品约占58.1%,严重生态风险等级的样点主要集中在受锑矿采选冶活动影响和支流八洛河汇入后等周边采样点位;都柳江流域各重金属生态风险指数在综合指数中占主导地位的是Sb,表明Sb在都柳江流域水系沉积物中具有极强的生态风险性.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk of Antimony and Selected Heavy Metals in Sediments of Duliujiang River

In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of Sb and selected heavy metals, and to discriminate their sources and potential ecological risks in surface sediments of the Duliujiang river,a total of 62 surface sediment samples were collected in this study. Total contents of Sb, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, Zn and Fe in these samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and the inductive plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to deduce the potential sources of these elements. Geo-accumulation index(I_geo), enrichment factor(EF) and Hakanson''s potential ecological risk index(E_rⁱ and RI) were calculated to evaluate the pollution degree of heavy metals in sediments. The results indicated that the contents of heavy metals in sediments were impacted by human activities to different extents, and the Duliujiang River was significantly contaminated by Sb. The contents of Sb in sediments reached up to 7080 mg·kg^-1, and gradually decreased from upstream to downstream, while the contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl and Zn varied indistinctively. The PCA results showed that the cumulative proportion of the first two components accounted for 77.67% of the total variables, suggesting that two major sources of Sb and other heavy metals were mining/smelting industry and natural sources. The calculated I_geo and EFs also showed that the surface sediments of the Duliujiang River were majorly polluted by Sb, followed by As and Co, lightly contaminated with Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Tl, and uncontaminated with Cr. The ecological hazards(E_rⁱ) for each metals in a descending order were Sb > Cd > As > Co > Ni > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr. The comprehensive index of potential ecological risks(RI) for heavy metals indicated that 58.1% of the 62 sediments samples had more than moderate ecological risks, and the sites with high RIs were generally located around Sb mining area and the downstream of the Baluo River. In addition, the E_rⁱ of Sb was a predominant component of RI, indicating that the Duliujiang River is an area with extremely high potential ecological risk of Sb.