北京市水环境中精神活性物质污染特征

为评价北京市水环境中精神活性物质的污染水平和生态环境风险,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测了该地区地表水和地下水中6种典型精神活性物质甲基苯丙胺(METH)、苯丙胺(AMP)、氯胺酮(KET)、麻黄碱(EPH)、甲卡西酮(MC)和羟亚胺(HY)]的质量浓度.结果表明,北京市地表水中共检测出3种目标药物,其质量浓度范围为低于检出限n.d.~70.9ng·L~(-1).EPH的检出频率和质量浓度平均值最高,分别为42%和10.1 ng·L~(-1);其次为METH,检出频率为25%,质量浓度平均值为1.8 ng·L~(-1).地下水样品中只检测到了AMP,检出频率21%,质量浓度水平在n.d.~2.2 ng·L~(-1)之间.与国内外其他研究相比,北京市水环境中精神活性物质的污染浓度总体处于较低水平.METH和EPH浓度最高值均出现在北京市第二大排污河和南城主要污灌渠凉水河.风险评估结果显示,北京市地表水中6种目标药物的风险熵值均小于0.10,表明存在较低的环境风险,但考虑到精神活性物质具有较强的生物活性,它们对水生生态系统的长期和综合风险值得关注.

Distribution Characteristics of Drugs of Abuse and Their Metabolites in Aqueous Environment of Beijing, China

This work investigated the occurrence and distribution of six drugs of abuse and their metabolites, i.e. methamphetamine(METH), amphetamine(AMP), ketamine(KET), ephedrine(EPH), methcathinone(MC) and hydroxylimine(HY) in the surface water and groundwater in Beijing, China. Forty-three samples were collected and analyzed by solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS). The result showed that KET, MC and HY were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. EPH was the most abundant and ubiquitous compound in the surface water, with the detection frequency of 42% and average concentration of 10.1 ng·L^-1, followed by METH(25%, average 1.8 ng·L^-1). Only trace amount of AMP was detected in some groundwater samples(n.d.-2.2 ng·L^-1), with detection frequency of 21%. Spatial variation of target drug concentrations in the aqueous environment was also studied, and the highest levels of METH and EPH were observed in Liangshui River. Risk assessment suggested that the RQ values of target compounds were lower than 0.10. Although no toxic effects could be expected at the current levels, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of drugs of abuse and their metabolites on organisms as well as the joint toxic effect.