我国村镇生活垃圾可燃组分基本特征及其时空差异

为了解我国村镇生活垃圾组成特征及采取焚烧处置的可行性,本研究在2015年的春夏秋冬4个季节,对我国12个省份共72个村镇生活垃圾产生源进行采样调查,分析了垃圾全组分和可燃组分的质量分数、含水率以及垃圾热值等参数,进行了地域、季节以及村与镇之间差异分析.结果表明,我国村镇生活垃圾可燃组分质量分数(湿基)由高到低的顺序为:厨余类(13%~53%)橡塑类(10%~18%)纸类(10%~15%)木竹类(0~10%)织物类(0~8%).相同行政区域内村与镇之间生活垃圾组分差异较小,南方村镇生活垃圾全组分的平均含水率大于北方,全国村镇生活垃圾平均含水率为40.1%左右.我国北方生活垃圾热值在4个季节均有81%的村镇超过3 500 k J·kg~(-1),而南方村镇生活垃圾在春、夏、秋、冬这4个季节满足这一条件的村镇分别占44%、50%、61%、72%.垃圾经分选后热值得到提高,但南方村镇春季生活垃圾可燃组分热值仍然偏低,南方其它季节56%以上的村镇和北方全年所有村镇的生活垃圾均能满足焚烧处置的热值要求,故对我国北方农村生活垃圾进行焚烧处置是可行的,而南方村镇生活垃圾需加强前处理工艺.

Basic Features of Combustible Rural Garbage Component and Its Spatial-temporal Difference in China

In order to realize the disposal feasibility of rural garbage by incineration, 72 rural garbage sampling points of 12 provinces in China were chosen to analyse mass fraction of full component and combustible component, moisture content of full component and low heating value of rural garbage in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2015. The results revealed that the mass fraction of combustible rural garbage components in wet basis followed the order of kitchen residual(13%-53%) > the rubber(10%-18%) > the paper(10%-15%) > the wood(0-10%) > the fabric(0-8%). The compositional difference of rural garbage was not apparent between villages and towns within the same administrative region. The average moisture content of full component in southern rural garbage was higher than that in northern area, and the average moisture content of national rural garbage was about 40.1%. The low heating value of rural garbage in full composition which surpassed 3500 kJ·kg^-1 was more than 81% in the north China, but in the south China, it was 44%, 50%, 61% and 72% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. After sorting, the low heating value increased greatly, but the low heating value of southern rural garbage in spring was still less than 3500 kJ·kg^-1, more than 56% towns and villages of southern rural garbage in summer, autumn and winter and annual northern rural garbage heating value met the heating value requirement of incineration disposal. Therefore, after sorting, the rural garbage by incineration disposal method was feasible to the north China rural garbage, but the south China rural garbage requires strengthened pretreatment process.