Dioxin formation in pulp and paper mills of India |
| |
Authors: | Neeta P Thacker Vaishali C Nitnaware Swapnesh K Das Sukumar Devotta |
| |
Institution: | (1) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India |
| |
Abstract: | Samples of effluents, sludge, pulp, final products (paper) and soil were collected from the identified pulp and paper mills
in India. The samples were analysed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and other dioxin congeners and
precursors. Pulp and paper mills using chlorine for the bleaching process showed the presence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in effluent
samples. In the effluent and pulp samples from mills where chlorine dioxide was used as a bleaching agent, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD
congener ranged from below the detection limit 0.05 to 0.12 ngL−1/ngg−1. The relative standard deviation of reproducibility and the percent recovery of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were 2.07 and 82.4% in pulp
and 2.8 and 92% in effluent, respectively. The 1,3,6,8-TCDD was the only other major dioxin congener found in the treated
and untreated effluent and sludge samples. However, dichlorobenzene, trichlorophenyl, and hexachlorobiphenyl were detected
in all samples. The formation of dioxins can be minimised by replacing chlorine with chlorine dioxide in bleaching processes
in pulp and paper mills. |
| |
Keywords: | 2 3 7 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin chlorine dioxins effluent pulp and paper mill sludge |
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|