我国废动力电池回收处理过程环境风险及其管理对策探讨

新能源汽车大力推广使用将产生大量的废动力电池,其潜在的环境风险既与电池自身材料有关,也受废弃规模、金属再生技术、污染防治措施等因素的影响。分析了动力电池电解液组成物质、回收运输贮存过程中潜在的环境风险与健康风险,同时探讨了预处理、金属再生过程中的二次污染风险。利用市场供给A模型预测得出未来我国废动力电池产生量将激增,基于大量废动力电池所带来的环境风险,分别从加快回收体系建设、加强对产排污关键节点精准管理以及制定污染防治标准等角度提出环境管理建议。

Discussion on environmental risk analysis and management countermeasures of waste power batteries recovery in China

With the vigorous promotion and use of new energy automobiles, a large number of waste power batteries will be produced. The potential environmental risks in the recycling process are both related to the battery’s own materials, and impacted by the amount of waste, metal regeneration technology, pollution prevention measures and so on. The electrolyte components, the potential environmental risks and potential health risks of batteries during recycling, transportation and storage were analyzed, and the secondary pollution risks of pretreatment and metal regeneration processes also discussed. At the same time, using the market supply A model, it was predicted that China’s waste power battery production will surge in the future. Based on the environmental risks brought by large number of waste power batteries, environmental management suggestions were proposed from several aspects, including accelerating the construction of the recycling system of waste power batteries, strengthening the precise management of key nodes for production and discharge, setting pollution prevention standards, etc.