洗涤剂对水环境的风险及防控对策建议

随着我国经济社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,新兴有毒有害污染物的排放使流域水环境污染风险不断加大,严重影响水环境安全。以洗涤剂中的抗菌剂三氯生(triclosan,TCS)和三氯卡班(triclocarban,TCC)为研究对象,梳理了其来源和毒性;并以东江流域为例开展研究,分析TCS在水-沉积物中的检出率及分布特征。结果表明:TCS和TCC在东江流域水体中最大浓度分别为168和269 ng/L,在悬浮物中最大浓度分别为297和431 ng/L,在沉积物中最大浓度分别为656和2 723 μg/kg,TCS和TCC已成为东江流域主要的高风险化学物质。关注流域环境风险物质,推动我国生态洗涤,尽可能减少新兴有毒有害污染物对人体和水环境的影响是当前流域水环境风险管理的主要任务之一。

The risk of detergent to water environment and its prevention and control countermeasure suggestions

With the rapid development of socio-economy and the continuous improvement of the residents' living standards, the discharge of emerging toxic and harmful pollutants has resulted in the increased risk of water environmental pollution in the basin scale, which has seriously affects the safety of the water environment in China. Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), as fungicides in detergents, were used as the research objects, and their sources and toxicity were sorted out. The intensive populated Dongjiang River Basin was chosen as a typical case study to analyze the detection rate and the distribution characteristics of TCS and TCC in the river water and sediment. The study showed that TCS and TCC had the highest concentration of 168 and 269 ng/L in the river waters, while the highest concentration of TCS and TCC in the suspended solids was 297 and 431 ng/L, respectively. Furthermore, high content of TCS and TCC was also observed in the sediments, with highest concentration of 656 and 2 723 μg/kg, respectively, indicating that TCS and TCC had become main high-risk chemicals in the Dongjiang River Basin. Currently, the main tasks of the water environmental risk management in China should be to pay great attention to the environmental risk pollutants in the river basin scale, promote ecological washing, and minimize the impact of emerging toxic and harmful pollutants on human and water environment.