Observation and origin of organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over central Europe |
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Authors: | Gerhard Lammel Jana Klánová Roman Prokeš Andreas Stohl |
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Institution: | a Masaryk University, Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic b Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany c Umweltbundesamt, Schneefernerhaus, Zugspitze 5, 82475 Zugspitze, Germany d Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), POB 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway |
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Abstract: | On Zugspitze (2670 m a.s.l.), Alps, higher concentrations were observed during a winter than during a summer measurement campaign of PAHs, chlorobenzenes (43.6 vs. 2.0 pg m−3) and DDTs (3.7 vs. 1.2 pg m−3), while hexachlorocyclohexanes and PCBs were found at similar levels. The PCB, HCH and DDT levels are among the lowest ever reported from outside the Arctic. Mostly lower levels were found in samples collected in summer than in winter despite a significant boundary layer air influence, but no such influence on samples collected during the winter campaign. Boundary layer influence was quantified by Lagrangian particle dispersion model retroplume analyses. Photochemical lifetimes corresponding to kOH < 1.5 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 are found for p,p′-DDT, kOH < 0.75 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 for p,p′-DDE and kOH < 1.0 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 for p,p′-DDD. |
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Keywords: | Persistent organic pollutants Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Free troposphere Long-range transport |
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