中国草地生态系统碳储量及碳过程研究进展

草地为陆地生态系统的主体，是陆地上最主要的碳储库和碳吸收汇之一。近年来，随着“草原承包责任制”、“退耕还林还草”和“封育禁牧”等重大生态工程项目的实施及草地生态系统的恢复和草地生产力的提升，草地生态系统碳储量、固持潜力、土壤碳循环机制及稳定性机制越来越受到学术界的关切。文章全面综述了近年来我国草地生态系统碳储量及其碳过程的研究工作，总结了不同研究中，我国不同草地类型碳库的特征及其储量、分析了草地生态系统碳过程等，评述了土壤碳过程相关科学问题的研究进展，指出了当前草地生态系统土壤碳储量及碳过程的研究进展、存在的问题，分析了未来草地生态系统土壤碳研究的重点研究方向和发展趋势。研究表明：草地生态系统在调节碳循环和减缓全球气候变化中起着重要作用。但是，由于草地类型的多样性、结构的复杂性以及草地对干扰和变化环境响应的时空动态变化，至今对草地生态系统碳储量和变率的科学估算，以及草地生态系统土壤关键碳过程及其稳定性维持机制的认识还十分有限，随着高分辨率的MODIS、TM数据、数学模型及不同草地类型实测点的建立，以及通过枯落物碳库将植物碳库与土壤碳库的有机连接，草地生态系统的土壤碳储量及固持潜力取得了重要进展；土壤有机碳来源、组成，有机碳化学结构以及环境因子是影响土壤有机碳稳定性的重要因素，而固体赫兹共振、碳同位素示踪等对破解有机碳稳定性提供了重要手段。未来，还将进一步厘清草地生态系统土壤固碳的驱动机制，构建草地生态系统土壤固碳量化方法体系等。

Advance in Studies on Carbon Storage and Carbon Process in Grassland Ecosystem of China

As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, the grassland is the main carbon storage and one of carbon sink. In recent years, because of the implementation of major ecological projects, including the Grassland contract responsibility system, return farmland to forests or grassland, Nurture and grazing prohibition. Grassland ecosystem recovered and grassland productivity enhancing. The grassland ecosystem carbon reserve, carbon sequestration and keeping the carbon, mechanism of soil carbon cycle and stability are concerned by academic circles increasingly. This paper reviewed the research work of grassland ecosystem carbon storage and carbon process in China in recent years, summarized the characteristics and reserves of various types of grassland carbon library in our country through the different study, analyzed carbon process of grassland ecosystem, reviewed the research progress of related scientific problems of soil carbon process, pointed out the current research progress and the problems of soil carbon storage and carbon process in grassland ecosystem, analyzes the future focus in the study of soil carbon in grassland ecosystem research direction and development trend. The result shows that grasslands play a decisive role in the global carbon cycle. Improving carbon capture capacity of grassland ecosystem is an effective way to suppress the spread of the global climate change. However, due to the diversity of the types, the complexity of grassland structure and the temporal and spatial dynamic response of grassland to interference and environmental changes, so far we have limited understanding about scientific evaluation of carbon storage and the rate of change, the key carbon process of soil and its maintaining mechanism in grassland ecosystem. Along with the using of High resolution MODIS and TM data, mathematical model and measured point of the grassland types, through litter carbon pool connecting the plant carbon pool and soil carbon pool, the Soil carbon and potential of carbon sequestration and keepin