中国大气降尘地域性分布特征研究

为了研究中国大气降尘量的地域性分布特征，探讨大气降尘的影响因素，文章以中国大气降尘研究为基础，汇总近20年25个行政区44个地区的降尘量数据，以10 t·km-2·month-1为间隔首次划分降尘区间，为中国降尘量标准的制定提供参考。中国大气降尘现有研究多集中在东北部、中东部地区以及西北沙漠地区，降尘量整体分布为北方高于南方，西部多于东部。除涉及强沙尘暴袭击区域外，现有研究区域的降尘量算术平均值为14.73 t·km-2·month-1，53.7%的研究区域降尘量小于该平均值。降尘量少于20 t·km-2·month-1的地区多集中于沿海地区、长江中下游地区以及东北平原地区，此类地区多为旅游景区和重要的商品粮产地，植被覆盖率较高，水土保持性能良好，且不易有较大的风沙侵袭；华北平原地区、内蒙古高原地区和准噶尔盆地一带降尘量相对偏高，此类区域多为重工业区，发展经济的同时造成了不同程度的环境污染和资源掠夺；降尘量最大的地区位于塔里木盆地一带，最大值为2915.96 t·km-2·month-1，属于沙尘暴多发区。大气降尘量虽会在一定程度上受到经济发展、工业布局、能源结构的影响，但更多的是因为其地域性差异而造成降尘量不同。中国现有的各地降尘量的数据较少，且研究区多位于城市等人类活动中心，更多地区的降尘量尚需要进一步研究。

Study on the Regional Distribution of Dust Fall in China

In order to elucidate the distribution characteristics and influence factors of dust fall in China, 44 dust fall contents of 25 administrative regions in the recent 20 years summarized. For the first time, China was divided into dust fall regions at 10 t·km-2·month-1 interval. Current researches on dust fall in China focused on the northeast, east midlands and northwest desert area. In general, dustfall in the south was higher than that in the north, and the west higher than the east. Except the strong sandstorm areas, the arithmetic mean value of dust fall in the existing research areas was 14.73 t·km-2·month-1, with 53.7% of the research area less than the average. The dust fall less than 20 t·km-2·month-1 was mainly loctaed in the coastal areas, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region and the northeast plain. Such areas are tourism areas or important commodity grain producing areas, with high vegetation coverage rate, good water and soil conservation performance, and seldom sand invasion. The regions with heavy dust fall included the north China plain area, Inner Mongolia plateau and Junggar basin. These regions are heavily industrialized, with environment polluted and resources over exploited. The highest dust fall, with a maximum value of 2915.96 t·km-2·month-1, was found in the sandstorm prevailing Tarim basin. The huge difference in dust fall is mainly determined by regional difference, and to a less extent affected by economic development, industrial layout and energy structure. . The areas currently studied in terms of dust fall are mainly located in cities, i.e. centers of human activities, leaving many regions untouched, which need to be studied in the future.