施肥对不同肥力春玉米田土壤溶解性有机质的影响

选取辽河灌区不同肥力水平春玉米（Zea mays ssp. mays L.）农田土壤为研究对象，通过连续3年田间定位试验，采用三维荧光光谱法分析了不同层次土壤溶解性有机质组分含量，研究施肥对不同肥力农田土壤溶解性有机质组分（DOM、DOC、DON、DOP）的影响，分析土壤DOM及其组分的土壤肥力效应。结果表明，施肥使高（产量12.75±0.75 t·hm^-2）、中（产量10.50±0.75 t·hm^-2）、低（产量8.25±0.75 t·hm^-2）产田土壤DOM的∑Fex/em分别增加了2.84%、3.56%和-1.52%，平均增加了1.08%，土壤w（DOC）分别增加了20.43%、16.43%和-29.11%，平均增加了9.36%，土壤w（DOP）分别增加了-22.87%、10.30%和4.15%，平均增加了-3.39%，土壤 w（DON）分别增加了-20.63%、6.97%和-8.41%，平均增加了-7.54%。施肥显著增加中产田土壤中w（DOM），中产田底层（20-40 cm）和高产田表层（0-10 cm）、中层（10-20 cm）土壤w（DOC），中产田中层和低产田表层土壤w（DOP），中产田中层土壤w（DON）。施肥增加了低产田土壤FI值（荧光指数），降低了高产田土壤FI值，施肥增加了高产田土壤HIX（腐殖化指数），降低了中低产田土壤HIX。施肥显著增加中产田土壤DOM组分含量，降低高、低产田土壤DOM组分含量。施肥主要增加10-20 cm土壤DOM组分含量，耗损20-0 cm土壤DOM组分。施肥促进高产田土壤DOM陆源化，低产田土壤DOM生物源化，施肥使中低产田土壤DOM腐殖化程度降低。施肥不仅是土壤DOM的重要来源，同时通过影响微生物及作物根系活力促进土壤DOM的耗损，因农田土壤质地的差异，施肥对土壤DOM的影响不同。DOM荧光强度与产量呈显著正相关，具有土壤肥力指示作用。

Effect of Fertilization on Soil Dissolved Organic Matter under Different Yield Levels of Spring Corn

This article investigated the effects of fertilization on dissolved organic matter （DOM）, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, dissolved organic nitrogen （DON） and dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） of the spring corn soil from Liaohe Irrigation with three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. Through three years field experiment, the soil fertility effects of soil DOM and its components were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the average ∑Fex/em of DOM, DOC, DON and DOP in fertilizing soil increased by1.08%, 9.36%, -3.39% and -7.54%, respectively. According to the high yielding field, middle yielding field and low yielding field, the increased∑Fex/em of DOM were 2.84%、3.56%and-1.52%, that of DOC were 20.43%、16.43% and-29.11%, that of DON were -20.63%、6.97% and-8.41%, and that of DOP were -22.87%、10.30% and 4.15%. The increasing of w （DOM） mainly occurred in middle yielding field soil. The increasing w （DOC） mainly occurred in middle plow ground floor （20-40 cm depth） soil of middle yielding field and in the surface layer （0-10 cm depth） and the plow layer （10-20 cm depth） soil of high yielding field. That of w （DOP） mainly occurred in the plow layer of middle yielding field and the surface layer of low yielding field. That of w （DON） mainly occurred in the plow layer of middle yielding field. By fertilizing treatment,in low yielding field soil, the fluorescence index （FI） was increased and the humification index （HIX） was decreased, in high yielding field soil the FI was decreased and HIX was increased. The content of DOM was significantly increased in the soil of middle yielding field, but it decreased in low and high yielding fields by fertilizing treatment. Although the DOM content in fertilizing soil increased in middle plow ground floor （10-20 cm depth）, it decreased in middle plow ground floor （20-40 cm depth）. The fertilizing treatment increased the percentage of terrigenous DOM in high-yielding field and the